Dehydroacetic acid is a synthetically produced preservative used in cosmetic formulations. It protects products from microbial spoilage and contributes to product safety and shelf life.(1)

Dicaprylyl carbonate is a skin-conditioning and moisturizing emulsifier that helps improve the absorption of other ingredients in a cosmetic formula.(1)

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate (DHHB) is a modern, chemical UVA filter with an absorption range of 320 to 400 nm. DHHB provides reliable protection against long-wave UVA radiation—a major cause of premature skin aging—and, when combined with effective UVB filters, further enhances SPF performance. DHHB is oil-soluble and is ideal for long-lasting sunscreen formulations.(1)

Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone, also known as Iscotrizinol, is an effective UVB filter that is highly soluble in oils. Due to its high specific extinction and excellent solubility, it is considered very efficient. Diethylhexyl butamido triazone can be used in any cosmetic formulation containing a suitable lipid phase, either alone or in combination with one or more UV filters. It can also be used in combination with inorganic UV filters such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

Dimethicone is a synthetically produced silicone oil that is frequently used in cosmetics as a skin-smoothing emollient and anti-foaming agent. (1) In our Daily Defense SPF 30 Powder, dimethicone is not used as a standalone oil base, but solely as a coating for the zinc oxide particles.

Dimethylisosorbide is a solvent that, due to its high penetrating power, is used to enhance the penetration of active ingredients into the skin. This can improve the effectiveness of the various ingredients.(1)

Disodium phosphate (disodium hydrogen phosphate) is a synthetically produced buffer that regulates and stabilizes the pH of cosmetic formulations. It can also act as a corrosion inhibitor.(1-2)

Ectoine is a very special amino acid produced by bacteria that can survive extreme environmental conditions, such as severe drought, UV radiation, or high salt concentrations. This stress-protective ability can also be harnessed for the skin.

First, ectoine has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the skin and increases skin resilience.(1-2) In addition, ectoine is particularly effective at moisturizing the skin by minimizing transepidermal water loss and thus preventing the epidermis from drying out.(2) Ectoin in a skincare cream can improve indicators of skin aging, such as skin hydration, skin elasticity, and skin surface structure. (3) In cell studies, ectoin has even been shown to counteract UVA-induced skin aging at various cellular levels. (3–4)