Sorbitan isostearate is the monoester of isostearic acid and hexitol anhydrides derived from sorbitol. It acts as an emulsifier in cosmetics, helping to stabilize emulsions. Sorbitan isostearate is frequently used in baby products.(1)

Sorbitan laurate is the ester of sorbitan and lauric acid and serves as an emulsifier. It is considered safe for use in cosmetic products.(1)

Squalane is the stable, saturated form of squalene, a natural component of human sebum that is also found in plants such as olives. The raw material is a clear, colorless, and odorless oil. It is characterized by its high stability. Squalane has a moisturizing effect by strengthening the skin barrier and reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Thanks to its skin-like structure, it is easily absorbed by the skin without leaving a greasy residue. It also supports skin regeneration.(1-3)

Stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid that acts as a mild cleanser. Stearic acid minimizes lipid damage to the skin barrier and can replenish fatty acids in the stratum corneum.(1) As a result, it is a mild and moisturizing cleanser for the skin.(2)

Sucrose Cocoate is a mild, moisturizing surfactant composed of fatty acid esters derived from coconut oil and sucrose esters. It is considered suitable for use in cosmetic products and has been classified as safe in a safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients.(1)

Sucrose stearate (sucrose ester) is used as an emulsifier and skin care ingredient.(1) It consists of esters of sucrose and fatty acids with various hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. Due to their gel-forming properties, they are used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.(2-3)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme used in skincare to combat oxidative stress, reduce premature skin aging, and protect against environmental damage (including UV radiation). It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. SOD acts as a cellular defense mechanism, protecting cells from damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids.(1-2)

In an in vivo study, superoxide dismutase, combined with glycine soja protein and hydrolyzed rice protein, was shown to improve skin texture; in an in vitro study, it was shown to improve capillary blood flow and stimulate fibroblast proliferation.(3)

Tetrasodium glutamate diacetate is an ingredient used in cosmetic formulations as a stabilizer and chelating agent. It binds metal ions that could otherwise compromise a product’s stability and quality.(1)